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Foundation models for genomics and transcriptomics pretrained on 3,000+ human genomes and 850+ diverse species, enabling chromatin accessibility prediction, splice site detection, and promoter classification across multiple model scales (InstaDeep, NVIDIA & TUM, Nature Methods 2023)

Arc Institute's 40B-parameter genome foundation model trained on 9 trillion nucleotides from all domains of life, supporting 1M base pair context for generalist DNA/RNA/protein prediction and design (Nature 2026)

GenBio AI's software stack for the AI-Driven Digital Organism, supporting adaptation and finetuning of multiscale biological foundation models across DNA, RNA, protein, structure, and single-cell tasks with reproducible CLIs and pretrained model zoo (2025)

Generative AI framework for inverse design of 3D RNA structure and function using geometric deep learning, learning design rules from 3D structures to capture complex tertiary interactions (pseudoknots, non-canonical base pairs) with expert-level accuracy for designing functional RNAs including aptamers and ribozymes (bioRxiv 2025)

RNA foundation model trained on millions of RNA sequences for generalist RNA sequence understanding, enabling downstream structure prediction, function annotation, and representation learning for non-coding RNAs (ml4bio, 372+ stars)

End-to-end RNA 3D structure prediction using RNA language model pretrained on 23.7M sequences, outperforming existing methods and human expert groups on RNA-Puzzles and CASP15 (Nature Methods 2024)

Fast and accurate protein structure search using a learned 3Di structural alphabet (VQ-VAE) that discretizes tertiary interactions into structural tokens, enabling protein-universe-scale structural alignment at sequence-search speeds (4-5 orders of magnitude faster than DALI/TM-align) and underpinning many AI4S tools such as SaProt, ESMAtlas search, and AFDB clustering pipelines (Steinegger Lab, Nature Biotechnology 2023)

Family of diffusion protein language models demonstrating versatile generative and predictive capabilities for protein sequences and structures, including multimodal co-generation, conditional folding, inverse folding, motif scaffolding, and representation learning, with open pretrained weights and training scripts (327+ stars, ICML 2024, ICLR 2025, ICML 2025 Spotlight)

In silico directed evolution framework using few-shot active learning to optimize protein activities, enabling rapid protein engineering with minimal experimental data (352+ stars, 2023)

AI-assisted mutation nomination approach optimizing protein function by integrating structural and evolutionary constraints into protein inverse folding models, compatible with ProteinMPNN, LigandMPNN, ESM-IF1, and SaProt (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 359+ stars)

Discovering interpretable features in protein language models via sparse autoencoders, enabling mechanistic understanding of PLM representations for protein engineering and design (288+ stars, MIT License)

Structure-aware protein language model using 3D structural vocabulary (Foldseek) for joint sequence-structure pretraining, achieving SOTA on protein engineering and fitness prediction benchmarks (ICML 2024, Westlake University & Repl)

Protein structure prediction from ESM models

98B-parameter frontier generative model jointly reasoning over protein sequence, structure, and function, trained on 2.78 billion proteins; generated a novel fluorescent protein (esmGFP) with only 58% sequence identity to known GFPs (EvolutionaryScale, 2024)

Cheminformatics toolkit

Unified ML/DL framework for drug discovery workflows, integrating RDKit, DeepChem, and scikit-learn with SHAP explainability

Powerful and flexible machine learning platform for drug discovery, providing comprehensive tools for molecular property prediction, generative models, knowledge graph reasoning, and reaction prediction with PyTorch backend (1.5K+ stars)

Chemical language model

Universal 3D molecular pretraining framework with 209M conformations, scaling to 1.1B parameters (Uni-Mol2) on 800M conformations for molecular property prediction, docking, and quantum chemistry (ICLR 2023, NeurIPS 2024)

Large-scale biomolecular instruction dataset for chemistry/biology LLMs (ICLR2024)

Learning the language of protein-protein interactions

ICML 2025 drug discovery generalist using masked discrete diffusion and fragment-based generation with molecular context guidance (NVIDIA)

LLM-based molecular optimization tool

Generative foundation model for functional antibody and nanobody design, supporting de novo generation, affinity maturation, inverse design, structure prediction, and humanization (Tencent AI4S, ICLR 2025)

Structure-based de novo antibody design pipeline built on RFdiffusion for computational generation of target-specific antibodies (RosettaCommons, 2025)

Latest RFdiffusion for protein structure design with 10× speedup and atom-level precision (December 2025)

Discrete diffusion framework for generative protein sequence design over evolutionary-scale databases, supporting unconditional generation, evolutionary-guided conditional design, motif scaffolding, and intrinsically disordered region generation through order-agnostic autoregressive diffusion, enabling sequence-only protein design without structural priors (Microsoft Research, Nature Communications 2024)

Generative model for programmable protein design using diffusion modeling, equivariant graph neural networks, and conditional random fields to efficiently sample diverse all-atom structures; supports conditional generation via composable conditioners for substructure, symmetry, shape, and neural-network predictions; validated crystallographically (Generate Biomedicines, Nature 2023)

Fast, all-atom SE(3)-equivariant diffusion model for protein design achieving state-of-the-art performance on unconditional generation, motif scaffolding, and binder design while retaining the computational efficiency of equivariant architectures (bioRxiv 2026)

Simple and accurate de novo protein binder design pipeline using AlphaFold2 backpropagation, MPNN, and PyRosetta for automated binder discovery (bioRxiv 2024)

Accessible protein design platform via Google Colab integrating AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, and ProteinMPNN for de novo hallucination, fixed backbone design, and binder design (Sergey Ovchinnikov, 2022+)

Extension of ProteinMPNN for protein sequence design in the context of small-molecule ligands, metal ions, and nucleic acids, enabling binding site engineering and co-factor redesign (Baker Lab)

Deep learning-based protein sequence design (inverse folding) from backbone structures, achieving 52.4% sequence recovery vs 32.9% for Rosetta, core tool in modern protein design pipelines (Baker Lab, Science 2022)

Dynamic Protein Data Bank integrating dynamic behaviors and physical properties into protein structures via a new dataset and SE(3) model extension, enabling richer understanding of protein conformational landscapes (Fudan University, 784+ stars)

Microsoft's generative model for sampling protein equilibrium conformations 100,000× faster than MD simulations, predicting domain motions, local unfolding and cryptic binding pockets on a single GPU (Science 2025)

AlphaFold fine-tuned with flow matching for generating protein conformational ensembles, covering both experimental PDB states and molecular dynamics ensembles at physiological temperatures; includes ESMFlow variant (MIT, 526+ stars, 2024)

Rectified Quaternion Flow for efficient protein backbone generation, 37× faster than RFDiffusion with 0.972 designability (ICML 2025)

3D Equivariant Diffusion for Target-Aware Molecule Generation (ICLR2023)

Graph neural network operating entirely at the atomic level for protein-ligand conformational ensemble prediction and docking, generating diverse solutions through rapid stochastic denoising to model conformational heterogeneity (Baker Lab, bioRxiv 2025)

Deep equivariant generative model predicting ligand-specific protein-ligand complex structures with dynamic receptor conformational flexibility, enabling accurate docking for flexible protein targets

Deep learning framework for molecular docking extending AutoDock Vina with convolutional neural network scoring functions, achieving superior virtual screening enrichment and pose prediction across diverse target classes; widely adopted in pharmaceutical structure-based drug design (J. Cheminformatics, 915+ stars, actively maintained)

Diffusion-based molecular docking achieving SOTA blind docking performance, treating ligand pose prediction as generative diffusion over SE(3), with DiffDock-L update for improved generalization (MIT CSAIL, ICLR 2023)

General-purpose deep learning backbone for molecular modeling

Cross-platform system optimizations for accelerating AlphaFold3 training with 1.73x speedup and 1.23x memory reduction

Democratizing AlphaFold3: PyTorch reimplementation to accelerate protein structure prediction research

Partially latent flow matching model for the joint generation of a protein's amino acid sequence and full atomistic structure, including both backbone and side chains (2025)

Flow-based generative model for atomistic protein binder design with test-time optimization, SOTA on binder benchmarks (ICLR 2026 Oral, NVIDIA)

First fully open-source model achieving AlphaFold3-level accuracy with 1000x faster binding affinity prediction (MIT)

State-specific protein-ligand complex structure prediction with a multi-scale deep generative model, enabling conformational state-aware modeling of molecular interactions (329+ stars, 2024)

Multi-modal foundation model for biomolecular structure prediction (proteins, small molecules, DNA, RNA, glycans) achieving SOTA across benchmarks, with optional MSA/template support (Chai Discovery, 2024)