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The package DAPAR is a Bioconductor distributed R package which provides all the necessary functions to analyze quantitative data from label-free proteomics experiments. Contrarily to most other similar R packages, it is endowed with rich and user-friendly graphical interfaces, so that no programming skill is required (see `Prostar` package).

Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology (DART) is an algorithm designed to evaluate the consistency of prior information molecular signatures (e.g in-vitro perturbation expression signatures) in independent molecular data (e.g gene expression data sets). If consistent, a pruning network strategy is then used to infer the activation status of the molecular signature in individual samples.

Methods to detect the differential composition abundances between conditions in singel-cell RNA-seq experiments, with or without replicates. It aims to correct bias introduced by missclaisification and enable controlling of confounding covariates. To avoid the influence of proportion change from big cell types, DCATS can use either total cell number or specific reference group as normalization term.

Distance-correlation based Gene Set Analysis for longitudinal gene expression profiles. In longitudinal studies, the gene expression profiles were collected at each visit from each subject and hence there are multiple measurements of the gene expression profiles for each subject. The dcGSA package could be used to assess the associations between gene sets and clinical outcomes of interest by fully taking advantage of the longitudinal nature of both the gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes.

The Delta-Delta-Ct (ddCt) Algorithm is an approximation method to determine relative gene expression with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments. Compared to other approaches, it requires no standard curve for each primer-target pair, therefore reducing the working load and yet returning accurate enough results as long as the assumptions of the amplification efficiency hold. The ddCt package implements a pipeline to collect, analyse and visualize qRT-PCR results, for example those from TaqMan SDM software, mainly using the ddCt method. The pipeline can be either invoked by a script in command-line or through the API consisting of S4-Classes, methods and functions.

Differential Expression Analysis RNA-seq data with variance component score test accounting for data heteroscedasticity through precision weights. Perform both gene-wise and gene set analyses, and can deal with repeated or longitudinal data. Methods are detailed in: i) Agniel D & Hejblum BP (2017) Variance component score test for time-course gene set analysis of longitudinal RNA-seq data, Biostatistics, 18(4):589-604 ; and ii) Gauthier M, Agniel D, Thiébaut R & Hejblum BP (2020) dearseq: a variance component score test for RNA-Seq differential analysis that effectively controls the false discovery rate, NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2(4):lqaa093.

This package contains implementation of DecontX (Yang et al. 2020), a decontamination algorithm for single-cell RNA-seq, and DecontPro (Yin et al. 2023), a decontamination algorithm for single cell protein expression data. DecontX is a novel Bayesian method to computationally estimate and remove RNA contamination in individual cells without empty droplet information. DecontPro is a Bayesian method that estimates the level of contamination from ambient and background sources in CITE-seq ADT dataset and decontaminate the dataset.

Many methods allow us to extract biological activities from omics data using information from prior knowledge resources, reducing the dimensionality for increased statistical power and better interpretability. Here, we present decoupleR, a Bioconductor package containing different statistical methods to extract these signatures within a unified framework. decoupleR allows the user to flexibly test any method with any resource. It incorporates methods that take into account the sign and weight of network interactions. decoupleR can be used with any omic, as long as its features can be linked to a biological process based on prior knowledge. For example, in transcriptomics gene sets regulated by a transcription factor, or in phospho-proteomics phosphosites that are targeted by a kinase.

The identification of novel compound-protein interaction (CPI) is important in drug discovery. Revealing unknown compound-protein interactions is useful to design a new drug for a target protein by screening candidate compounds. The accurate CPI prediction assists in effective drug discovery process. To identify potential CPI effectively, prediction methods based on machine learning and deep learning have been developed. Data for sequences are provided as discrete symbolic data. In the data, compounds are represented as SMILES (simplified molecular-input line-entry system) strings and proteins are sequences in which the characters are amino acids. The outcome is defined as a variable that indicates how strong two molecules interact with each other or whether there is an interaction between them. In this package, a deep-learning based model that takes only sequence information of both compounds and proteins as input and the outcome as output is used to predict CPI. The model is implemented by using compound and protein encoders with useful features. The CPI model also supports other modeling tasks, including protein-protein interaction (PPI), chemical-chemical interaction (CCI), or single compounds and proteins. Although the model is designed for proteins, DNA and RNA can be used if they are represented as sequences.

This package provides provides quantitative variant callers for detecting subclonal mutations in ultra-deep (>=100x coverage) sequencing experiments. The deepSNV algorithm is used for a comparative setup with a control experiment of the same loci and uses a beta-binomial model and a likelihood ratio test to discriminate sequencing errors and subclonal SNVs. The shearwater algorithm computes a Bayes classifier based on a beta-binomial model for variant calling with multiple samples for precisely estimating model parameters - such as local error rates and dispersion - and prior knowledge, e.g. from variation data bases such as COSMIC.

This package predicts a drug’s primary target(s) or secondary target(s) by integrating large-scale genetic and drug screens from the Cancer Dependency Map project run by the Broad Institute. It further investigates whether the drug specifically targets the wild-type or mutated target forms. To show how to use this package in practice, we provided sample data along with step-by-step example.

This package performs degradation normalization in bulk RNA-seq data to improve differential expression analysis accuracy. It provides estimates for each gene within each sample.

DEGraph implements recent hypothesis testing methods which directly assess whether a particular gene network is differentially expressed between two conditions. This is to be contrasted with the more classical two-step approaches which first test individual genes, then test gene sets for enrichment in differentially expressed genes. These recent methods take into account the topology of the network to yield more powerful detection procedures. DEGraph provides methods to easily test all KEGG pathways for differential expression on any gene expression data set and tools to visualize the results.

Creation of ready-to-share figures of differential expression analyses of count data. It integrates some of the code mentioned in DESeq2 and edgeR vignettes, and report a ranked list of genes according to the fold changes mean and variability for each selected gene.

DEGseq is an R package to identify differentially expressed genes from RNA-Seq data.

Wrapping an array-like object (typically an on-disk object) in a DelayedArray object allows one to perform common array operations on it without loading the object in memory. In order to reduce memory usage and optimize performance, operations on the object are either delayed or executed using a block processing mechanism. Note that this also works on in-memory array-like objects like DataFrame objects (typically with Rle columns), Matrix objects, ordinary arrays and, data frames.

DelayedTensor operates Tensor arithmetic directly on DelayedArray object. DelayedTensor provides some generic function related to Tensor arithmetic/decompotision and dispatches it on the DelayedArray class. DelayedTensor also suppors Tensor contraction by einsum function, which is inspired by numpy einsum.

This package discovers meso-scale chromatin remodelling from 3C data. 3C data is local in nature. It givens interaction counts between restriction enzyme digestion fragments and a preferred 'viewpoint' region. By binning this data and using permutation testing, this package can test whether there are statistically significant changes in the interaction counts between the data from two cell types or two treatments.

Identifying distinct subpopulations through multiscale time series analysis

DEMAND predicts Drug MoA by interrogating a cell context specific regulatory network with a small number (N >= 6) of compound-induced gene expression signatures, to elucidate specific proteins whose interactions in the network is dysregulated by the compound.

DeMixT is a software package that performs deconvolution on transcriptome data from a mixture of two or three components.

Implements the density-preserving modification to t-SNE and UMAP described by Narayan et al. (2020) <doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.077776>. The non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques t-SNE and UMAP enable users to summarise complex high-dimensional sequencing data such as single cell RNAseq using lower dimensional representations. These lower dimensional representations enable the visualisation of discrete transcriptional states, as well as continuous trajectory (for example, in early development). However, these methods focus on the local neighbourhood structure of the data. In some cases, this results in misleading visualisations, where the density of cells in the low-dimensional embedding does not represent the transcriptional heterogeneity of data in the original high-dimensional space. den-SNE and densMAP aim to enable more accurate visual interpretation of high-dimensional datasets by producing lower-dimensional embeddings that accurately represent the heterogeneity of the original high-dimensional space, enabling the identification of homogeneous and heterogeneous cell states. This accuracy is accomplished by including in the optimisation process a term which considers the local density of points in the original high-dimensional space. This can help to create visualisations that are more representative of heterogeneity in the original high-dimensional space.

The purpose of this package is to identify traits in a dataset that can separate groups. This is done on two levels. First, clustering is performed, using an implementation of sparse K-means. Secondly, the generated clusters are used to predict outcomes of groups of individuals based on their distribution of observations in the different clusters. As certain clusters with separating information will be identified, and these clusters are defined by a sparse number of variables, this method can reduce the complexity of data, to only emphasize the data that actually matters.

DepInfeR integrates two experimentally accessible input data matrices: the drug sensitivity profiles of cancer cell lines or primary tumors ex-vivo (X), and the drug affinities of a set of proteins (Y), to infer a matrix of molecular protein dependencies of the cancers (ß). DepInfeR deconvolutes the protein inhibition effect on the viability phenotype by using regularized multivariate linear regression. It assigns a “dependence coefficient” to each protein and each sample, and therefore could be used to gain a causal and accurate understanding of functional consequences of genomic aberrations in a heterogeneous disease, as well as to guide the choice of pharmacological intervention for a specific cancer type, sub-type, or an individual patient. For more information, please read out preprint on bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475864.

DEqMS is developped on top of Limma. However, Limma assumes same prior variance for all genes. In proteomics, the accuracy of protein abundance estimates varies by the number of peptides/PSMs quantified in both label-free and labelled data. Proteins quantification by multiple peptides or PSMs are more accurate. DEqMS package is able to estimate different prior variances for proteins quantified by different number of PSMs/peptides, therefore acchieving better accuracy. The package can be applied to analyze both label-free and labelled proteomics data.

Integrated peak and differential caller, specifically designed for broad epigenomic signals.

DEsingle is an R package for differential expression (DE) analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. It defines and detects 3 types of differentially expressed genes between two groups of single cells, with regard to different expression status (DEs), differential expression abundance (DEa), and general differential expression (DEg). DEsingle employs Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model to estimate the proportion of real and dropout zeros and to define and detect the 3 types of DE genes. Results showed that DEsingle outperforms existing methods for scRNA-seq DE analysis, and can reveal different types of DE genes that are enriched in different biological functions.

DEsubs is a network-based systems biology package that extracts disease-perturbed subpathways within a pathway network as recorded by RNA-seq experiments. It contains an extensive and customizable framework covering a broad range of operation modes at all stages of the subpathway analysis, enabling a case-specific approach. The operation modes refer to the pathway network construction and processing, the subpathway extraction, visualization and enrichment analysis with regard to various biological and pharmacological features. Its capabilities render it a tool-guide for both the modeler and experimentalist for the identification of more robust systems-level biomarkers for complex diseases.

performing all the steps of gene expression meta-analysis considering the possible existence of missing genes. It provides the necessary functions to be able to perform the different methods of gene expression meta-analysis. In addition, it contains functions to apply quality controls, download GEO datasets and show graphical representations of the results.

The package is focused on finding differential exon usage using RNA-seq exon counts between samples with different experimental designs. It provides functions that allows the user to make the necessary statistical tests based on a model that uses the negative binomial distribution to estimate the variance between biological replicates and generalized linear models for testing. The package also provides functions for the visualization and exploration of the results.

This package provides a supervised technique able to identify differentially expressed genes, based on the construction of \emph{Fuzzy Patterns} (FPs). The Fuzzy Patterns are built by means of applying 3 Membership Functions to discretized gene expression values.

Compute differentially bound sites from multiple ChIP-seq experiments using affinity (quantitative) data. Also enables occupancy (overlap) analysis and plotting functions.

Analyze microarray data

Detects differential interactions across biological conditions in a Hi-C experiment. Methods are provided for read alignment and data pre-processing into interaction counts. Statistical analysis is based on edgeR and supports normalization and filtering. Several visualization options are also available.

Label propagation approaches are a widely used procedure in computational biology for giving context to molecular entities using network data. Node labels, which can derive from gene expression, genome-wide association studies, protein domains or metabolomics profiling, are propagated to their neighbours in the network, effectively smoothing the scores through prior annotated knowledge and prioritising novel candidates. The R package diffuStats contains a collection of diffusion kernels and scoring approaches that facilitates their computation, characterisation and benchmarking.

The diffUTR package provides a uniform interface and plotting functions for limma/edgeR/DEXSeq -powered differential bin/exon usage. It includes in addition an improved version of the limma::diffSplice method. Most importantly, diffUTR further extends the application of these frameworks to differential UTR usage analysis using poly-A site databases.

Inference of Genetic Variants Driving Cellullar Phenotypes by the DIGGIT algorithm

Implements an expiration system for access to versioned directories. Directories that have not been accessed by a registered function within a certain time frame are deleted. This aims to reduce disk usage by eliminating obsolete caches generated by old versions of packages.

Dirichlet-multinomial mixture models can be used to describe variability in microbial metagenomic data. This package is an interface to code originally made available by Holmes, Harris, and Quince, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(2): 1-15, as discussed further in the man page for this package, ?DirichletMultinomial.

A universal, user friendly, single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing visualization toolkit that allows highly customizable creation of color blindness friendly, publication-quality figures. dittoSeq accepts both SingleCellExperiment (SCE) and Seurat objects, as well as the import and usage, via conversion to an SCE, of SummarizedExperiment or DGEList bulk data. Visualizations include dimensionality reduction plots, heatmaps, scatterplots, percent composition or expression across groups, and more. Customizations range from size and title adjustments to automatic generation of annotations for heatmaps, overlay of trajectory analysis onto any dimensionality reduciton plot, hidden data overlay upon cursor hovering via ggplotly conversion, and many more. All with simple, discrete inputs. Color blindness friendliness is powered by legend adjustments (enlarged keys), and by allowing the use of shapes or letter-overlay in addition to the carefully selected dittoColors().

This package provides functionality for performing divergence analysis as presented in Dinalankara et al, "Digitizing omics profiles by divergence from a baseline", PANS 2018. This allows the user to simplify high dimensional omics data into a binary or ternary format which encapsulates how the data is divergent from a specified baseline group with the same univariate or multivariate features.

The dks package consists of a set of diagnostic functions for multiple testing methods. The functions can be used to determine if the p-values produced by a multiple testing procedure are correct. These functions are designed to be applied to simulated data. The functions require the entire set of p-values from multiple simulated studies, so that the joint distribution can be evaluated.

DMCFB is a pipeline for identifying differentially methylated cytosines using a Bayesian functional regression model in bisulfite sequencing data. By using a functional regression data model, it tries to capture position-specific, group-specific and other covariates-specific methylation patterns as well as spatial correlation patterns and unknown underlying models of methylation data. It is robust and flexible with respect to the true underlying models and inclusion of any covariates, and the missing values are imputed using spatial correlation between positions and samples. A Bayesian approach is adopted for estimation and inference in the proposed method.

A pipeline for identifying differentially methylated CpG sites using Hidden Markov Model in bisulfite sequencing data. DNA methylation studies have enabled researchers to understand methylation patterns and their regulatory roles in biological processes and disease. However, only a limited number of statistical approaches have been developed to provide formal quantitative analysis. Specifically, a few available methods do identify differentially methylated CpG (DMC) sites or regions (DMR), but they suffer from limitations that arise mostly due to challenges inherent in bisulfite sequencing data. These challenges include: (1) that read-depths vary considerably among genomic positions and are often low; (2) both methylation and autocorrelation patterns change as regions change; and (3) CpG sites are distributed unevenly. Furthermore, there are several methodological limitations: almost none of these tools is capable of comparing multiple groups and/or working with missing values, and only a few allow continuous or multiple covariates. The last of these is of great interest among researchers, as the goal is often to find which regions of the genome are associated with several exposures and traits. To tackle these issues, we have developed an efficient DMC identification method based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) called “DMCHMM” which is a three-step approach (model selection, prediction, testing) aiming to address the aforementioned drawbacks.

The R package dmGsea provides efficient gene set enrichment analysis specifically for DNA methylation data. It addresses key biases, including probe dependency and varying probe numbers per gene. The package supports Illumina 450K, EPIC, and mouse methylation arrays. Users can also apply it to other omics data by supplying custom probe-to-gene mapping annotations. dmGsea is flexible, fast, and well-suited for large-scale epigenomic studies.

Uses Bisulfite sequencing data in two conditions and identifies differentially methylated regions between the conditions in CG and non-CG context. The input is the CX report files produced by Bismark and the output is a list of DMRs stored as GRanges objects.

De novo identification and extraction of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from the human genome using Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) and Illumina Infinium Array (450K and EPIC) data. Provides functionality for filtering probes possibly confounded by SNPs and cross-hybridisation. Includes GRanges generation and plotting functions.

This package implements an approach for scanning the genome to detect and perform accurate inference on differentially methylated regions from Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing data. The method is based on comparing detected regions to a pooled null distribution, that can be implemented even when as few as two samples per population are available. Region-level statistics are obtained by fitting a generalized least squares (GLS) regression model with a nested autoregressive correlated error structure for the effect of interest on transformed methylation proportions.

The package allows one to obtain optimised combinations of DNA barcodes to be used for multiplex sequencing. In each barcode combination, barcodes are pooled with respect to Illumina chemistry constraints. Combinations can be filtered to keep those that are robust against substitution and insertion/deletion errors thereby facilitating the demultiplexing step. In addition, the package provides an optimiser function to further favor the selection of barcode combinations with least heterogeneity in barcode usage.

The package offers a function to create DNA barcode sets capable of correcting insertion, deletion, and substitution errors. Existing barcodes can be analysed regarding their minimal, maximal and average distances between barcodes. Finally, reads that start with a (possibly mutated) barcode can be demultiplexed, i.e., assigned to their original reference barcode.